Capecitabine (Xeloda): what you need to know
Capecitabine is an oral chemotherapy drug often called Xeloda. Doctors use it mainly for colorectal and some breast cancers. It turns into 5‑fluorouracil (5‑FU) inside the body and attacks cancer cells as they grow. Because you take it by mouth, it’s convenient — but it still needs careful handling and regular checks.
How to take capecitabine
Your oncologist will tell you the exact dose. A common schedule is two weeks of pills followed by one week off. Take each dose with water within 30 minutes after a meal to lower stomach upset. Swallow tablets whole; don’t crush or chew them. Keep a pill diary or set phone alarms so you don’t miss doses.
If you miss a dose and it’s within a few hours, take it when you remember. If it’s close to the next dose, skip the missed one — don’t double up. If vomiting happens after a dose, call your care team for advice.
Side effects, what to watch for, and tips
Common side effects include diarrhea, nausea, low blood counts, fatigue, and hand‑foot syndrome (red, tender, peely palms or soles). Hand‑foot can be painful and affect daily tasks. Try moisturizers, avoid hot water and rubbing, and wear soft shoes. If it worsens, your doctor may reduce or pause treatment.
Severe diarrhea, a high fever, unusual bleeding or bruising, chest pain, or sudden shortness of breath are reasons to call your care team or go to the ER right away. Also tell your doctor about mouth sores, severe vomiting, or new confusion.
A small number of people have a genetic inability to break down fluoropyrimidines (DPD deficiency). That can cause very serious reactions. Ask your doctor whether testing for DPD (DPYD) variants makes sense before you start.
Capecitabine affects other medicines. Blood thinners like warfarin can interact — your INR may change, so expect more frequent blood tests. Tell your oncologist about all drugs and supplements you take, including herbal products.
Kidney function matters. If your kidneys are moderately impaired, your doctor may cut the dose. Capecitabine is usually not used if kidney function is severely reduced. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should not take capecitabine — it can harm an unborn baby.
Before each cycle you’ll typically get blood tests to check blood counts, liver and kidney function. These tests guide dose changes and keep you safe. Keep all appointments and share side effects honestly — small problems can become big if ignored.
Store tablets in their original container at room temperature, away from moisture and kids. If you have unused pills, ask your pharmacy how to dispose of them safely. Buy only from trusted pharmacies and never take pills that look different from what you were given.
Capecitabine works well for many people when used carefully. Stay in touch with your care team, follow the taking and monitoring advice, and report problems early. If you want, print this page and bring it to your next appointment so you and your doctor can go over any questions together.
