Inhaler devices: what they are and why technique matters

Using an inhaler wrong can cut the dose you get by half. That’s not small — it can mean more symptoms or an extra trip to the ER. This page explains the main inhaler types, simple steps to use them correctly, and quick tips to pick the right device with your doctor.

Which inhaler is right for you?

There are four common kinds of inhaler devices:

- Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs): spray a fixed dose of medicine. Many people use a spacer with MDIs to get medicine into the lungs instead of the mouth.

- Dry powder inhalers (DPIs): you inhale a dry powder dose. They need a strong, quick breath to work well.

- Soft mist inhalers: they make a slow, fine mist that’s easier to inhale for some people.

- Nebulizers: turn medicine into a mist over several minutes. Useful for young children, severe attacks, or people who can’t coordinate inhalers.

Choice depends on things like hand strength, breathing power, coordination, and lifestyle. If you have COPD, check our article “Best Symbicort Alternatives for COPD: 2025 Triple-Therapy & Biologics Guide” for device and drug options that might fit your needs.

Quick how-to: using and caring for your inhaler

Follow these short, practical steps for the most common devices.

MDI (with spacer): shake the inhaler, attach spacer, breathe out fully, place mouth on spacer, press canister once and breathe in slowly for 3–5 seconds, hold breath 5–10 seconds, breathe out slowly. Wait 30–60 seconds between puffs if you need a second dose.

DPI: load the dose per instructions, exhale away from the device, inhale quickly and deeply, hold breath for 5–10 seconds. Don’t shake DPIs.

Soft mist: similar to MDI but inhale slowly as the mist forms. Follow the device steps exactly.

Nebulizer: sit upright, breathe normally through the mouthpiece or mask until the cup is empty. This takes 5–15 minutes.

Cleaning and checks: rinse spacers and masks weekly in warm soapy water and let air dry. For MDIs, wipe the mouthpiece weekly and remove any buildup. Check dose counters or mark date when you open a canister. Store inhalers at room temperature away from heat and direct sun.

Travel and safety: carry your inhaler in your hand luggage. Bring a doctor’s note if you fly with spare medication. Dispose of empty canisters properly — most are recyclable through certain programs, but follow local rules.

When to call your doctor: your usual inhaler stops working, symptoms worsen, or you need your rescue inhaler more than twice a week. Also ask for a device check if your technique feels hard or you keep getting chest infections.

Want more? Read our detailed guides on device choices and COPD treatments, and ask your healthcare team for a quick hands-on inhaler review — a two-minute check can save you trouble later.